The Eye and Orbit
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چکیده
The aetiology of most ocular tumours is not known. Prolonged exposure to sunlight is important in the development of SCC of the eyelids in white cats and possibly in some dogs, as previously described (Chapter 1). Previous trauma and/or chronic inflammation have been reported to incite invasive ocular sarcomas in cats (Dubielzig et al. 1990). Genetic factors are known to be important in the development of retinoblastoma in children where the role of the hereditary retinoblastoma gene (Rb) is well documented. However retinoblastoma is very rare in domestic species. Epidemiology
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Congenital Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET) of the Orbit
Purpose: To report a case of the congenital primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of the orbit. Case Report: The patient was a 2-week-old neonate referred to the oculoplastic clinic with right eye proptosis from birth. The neonate was a full term with a history of difficult vaginal delivery. At an initial examination, the ecchymosis of the medial right upper lid was noted. At an initial CT sca...
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Background: Lymphangiomas are relatively rare, benign, congenital malformations, which may affect the conjunctiva, lids and orbit of the eyes. Lymphangiomas are commonly located behind the orbital septum and usually manifest with proptosis, as well as the pain caused by spontaneous intralesional hemorrhage or upper respiratory infection. Previous studies have proposed the major causes of neonat...
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Introduction: Diagnosis of orbital foreign body (FB) penetration is usually obvious when part of the FB is still attached at the entry wound (1). However, the depth and course of the FB in this case was not visible. Case Report: A 5-year old female presented with a pencil penetrating the left orbit. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed that the pencil penetrated the left orbit (extraseptal)...
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Linearization of the nonlinear equations and iterative solution is the most well-known scheme in many engineering problems. For geodetic applications of the LEO satellites, e.g. the Earth’s gravity field recovery, one needs to provide an initial guess of the satellite location or the so-called reference orbit. Numerical integration can be utilized for generating the reference orbit if a satelli...
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